Non-parametric between conditions cluster statistic on single trial power

This script shows how to compare clusters in time-frequency power estimates between conditions. It uses a non-parametric statistical procedure based on permutations and cluster level statistics.

The procedure consists of:

• extracting epochs for 2 conditions

• compute single trial power estimates

• baseline line correct the power estimates (power ratios)

• compute stats to see if the power estimates are significantly different between conditions.

# Authors: Alexandre Gramfort <alexandre.gramfort@inria.fr>
#
# License: BSD (3-clause)

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import mne
from mne.time_frequency import tfr_morlet
from mne.stats import permutation_cluster_test
from mne.datasets import sample

print(__doc__)

Set parameters

data_path = sample.data_path()
raw_fname = data_path + '/MEG/sample/sample_audvis_raw.fif'
event_fname = data_path + '/MEG/sample/sample_audvis_raw-eve.fif'
tmin, tmax = -0.2, 0.5

# Setup for reading the raw data
raw = mne.io.read_raw_fif(raw_fname)
events = mne.read_events(event_fname)

include = []
raw.info['bads'] += ['MEG 2443', 'EEG 053']  # bads + 2 more

# picks MEG gradiometers
picks = mne.pick_types(raw.info, meg='grad', eeg=False, eog=True,
                       stim=False, include=include, exclude='bads')

ch_name = 'MEG 1332'  # restrict example to one channel

# Load condition 1
reject = dict(grad=4000e-13, eog=150e-6)
event_id = 1
epochs_condition_1 = mne.Epochs(raw, events, event_id, tmin, tmax,
                                picks=picks, baseline=(None, 0),
                                reject=reject, preload=True)
epochs_condition_1.pick_channels([ch_name])

# Load condition 2
event_id = 2
epochs_condition_2 = mne.Epochs(raw, events, event_id, tmin, tmax,
                                picks=picks, baseline=(None, 0),
                                reject=reject, preload=True)
epochs_condition_2.pick_channels([ch_name])

Out:

Opening raw data file /home/circleci/mne_data/MNE-sample-data/MEG/sample/sample_audvis_raw.fif...
    Read a total of 3 projection items:
        PCA-v1 (1 x 102)  idle
        PCA-v2 (1 x 102)  idle
        PCA-v3 (1 x 102)  idle
    Range : 25800 ... 192599 =     42.956 ...   320.670 secs
Ready.
Not setting metadata
Not setting metadata
72 matching events found
Applying baseline correction (mode: mean)
3 projection items activated
Loading data for 72 events and 421 original time points ...
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
16 bad epochs dropped
Removing projector <Projection | PCA-v1, active : True, n_channels : 102>
Removing projector <Projection | PCA-v2, active : True, n_channels : 102>
Removing projector <Projection | PCA-v3, active : True, n_channels : 102>
Not setting metadata
Not setting metadata
73 matching events found
Applying baseline correction (mode: mean)
3 projection items activated
Loading data for 73 events and 421 original time points ...
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
    Rejecting  epoch based on EOG : ['EOG 061']
13 bad epochs dropped
Removing projector <Projection | PCA-v1, active : True, n_channels : 102>
Removing projector <Projection | PCA-v2, active : True, n_channels : 102>
Removing projector <Projection | PCA-v3, active : True, n_channels : 102>

Factor to downsample the temporal dimension of the TFR computed by tfr_morlet. Decimation occurs after frequency decomposition and can be used to reduce memory usage (and possibly comptuational time of downstream operations such as nonparametric statistics) if you don’t need high spectrotemporal resolution.

decim = 2
freqs = np.arange(7, 30, 3)  # define frequencies of interest
n_cycles = 1.5

tfr_epochs_1 = tfr_morlet(epochs_condition_1, freqs,
                          n_cycles=n_cycles, decim=decim,
                          return_itc=False, average=False)

tfr_epochs_2 = tfr_morlet(epochs_condition_2, freqs,
                          n_cycles=n_cycles, decim=decim,
                          return_itc=False, average=False)

tfr_epochs_1.apply_baseline(mode='ratio', baseline=(None, 0))
tfr_epochs_2.apply_baseline(mode='ratio', baseline=(None, 0))

epochs_power_1 = tfr_epochs_1.data[:, 0, :, :]  # only 1 channel as 3D matrix
epochs_power_2 = tfr_epochs_2.data[:, 0, :, :]  # only 1 channel as 3D matrix

Out:

Not setting metadata
Not setting metadata
Applying baseline correction (mode: ratio)
Applying baseline correction (mode: ratio)

Compute statistic

threshold = 6.0
T_obs, clusters, cluster_p_values, H0 = \
    permutation_cluster_test([epochs_power_1, epochs_power_2], out_type='mask',
                             n_permutations=100, threshold=threshold, tail=0)

Out:

stat_fun(H1): min=0.000000 max=13.566824
Running initial clustering
Found 6 clusters
Permuting 99 times...

  0%|          |  : 0/99 [00:00<?,       ?it/s]
 28%|##8       |  : 28/99 [00:00<00:00,  818.14it/s]
 59%|#####8    |  : 58/99 [00:00<00:00,  821.21it/s]
 91%|######### |  : 90/99 [00:00<00:00,  826.51it/s]
100%|##########|  : 99/99 [00:00<00:00,  890.48it/s]
Computing cluster p-values
Done.

View time-frequency plots

times = 1e3 * epochs_condition_1.times  # change unit to ms
evoked_condition_1 = epochs_condition_1.average()
evoked_condition_2 = epochs_condition_2.average()

plt.figure()
plt.subplots_adjust(0.12, 0.08, 0.96, 0.94, 0.2, 0.43)

plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
# Create new stats image with only significant clusters
T_obs_plot = np.nan * np.ones_like(T_obs)
for c, p_val in zip(clusters, cluster_p_values):
    if p_val <= 0.05:
        T_obs_plot[c] = T_obs[c]

plt.imshow(T_obs,
           extent=[times[0], times[-1], freqs[0], freqs[-1]],
           aspect='auto', origin='lower', cmap='gray')
plt.imshow(T_obs_plot,
           extent=[times[0], times[-1], freqs[0], freqs[-1]],
           aspect='auto', origin='lower', cmap='RdBu_r')

plt.xlabel('Time (ms)')
plt.ylabel('Frequency (Hz)')
plt.title('Induced power (%s)' % ch_name)

ax2 = plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
evoked_contrast = mne.combine_evoked([evoked_condition_1, evoked_condition_2],
                                     weights=[1, -1])
evoked_contrast.plot(axes=ax2, time_unit='s')

plt.show()

Out:

Need more than one channel to make topography for grad. Disabling interactivity.

Estimated memory usage: 8 MB