mne.viz.plot_raw

mne.viz.plot_raw(raw, events=None, duration=10.0, start=0.0, n_channels=20, bgcolor='w', color=None, bad_color=(0.8, 0.8, 0.8), event_color='cyan', scalings=None, remove_dc=True, order=None, show_options=False, title=None, show=True, block=False, highpass=None, lowpass=None, filtorder=4, clipping=3.0, show_first_samp=False, proj=True, group_by='type', butterfly=False, decim='auto', noise_cov=None, event_id=None, show_scrollbars=True, show_scalebars=True, verbose=None)

Plot raw data.

Parameters

rawinstance of Raw

The raw data to plot.

eventsarray | None

Events to show with vertical bars.

durationfloat

Time window (s) to plot. The lesser of this value and the duration of the raw file will be used.

startfloat

Initial time to show (can be changed dynamically once plotted). If show_first_samp is True, then it is taken relative to raw.first_samp.

n_channelsint

Number of channels to plot at once. Defaults to 20. The lesser of n_channels and len(raw.ch_names) will be shown. Has no effect if order is ‘position’, ‘selection’ or ‘butterfly’.

bgcolorcolor object

Color of the background.

colordict | color object | None

Color for the data traces. If None, defaults to:

dict(mag='darkblue', grad='b', eeg='k', eog='k', ecg='m',
     emg='k', ref_meg='steelblue', misc='k', stim='k',
     resp='k', chpi='k')

bad_colorcolor object

Color to make bad channels.

event_colorcolor object | dict

Color to use for events. Can also be a dict with {event_number: color} pairings. Use event_number==-1 for any event numbers in the events list that are not in the dictionary.

scalingsdict | None

Scaling factors for the traces. If any fields in scalings are ‘auto’, the scaling factor is set to match the 99.5th percentile of a subset of the corresponding data. If scalings == ‘auto’, all scalings fields are set to ‘auto’. If any fields are ‘auto’ and data is not preloaded, a subset of times up to 100mb will be loaded. If None, defaults to:

dict(mag=1e-12, grad=4e-11, eeg=20e-6, eog=150e-6, ecg=5e-4,
     emg=1e-3, ref_meg=1e-12, misc=1e-3, stim=1,
     resp=1, chpi=1e-4, whitened=1e2)

remove_dcbool

If True remove DC component when plotting data.

orderarray of int | None

Order in which to plot data. If the array is shorter than the number of channels, only the given channels are plotted. If None (default), all channels are plotted. If group_by is 'position' or 'selection', the order parameter is used only for selecting the channels to be plotted.

show_optionsbool

If True, a dialog for options related to projection is shown.

titlestr | None

The title of the window. If None, and either the filename of the raw object or ‘<unknown>’ will be displayed as title.

showbool

Show figure if True.

blockbool

Whether to halt program execution until the figure is closed. Useful for setting bad channels on the fly by clicking on a line. May not work on all systems / platforms.

highpassfloat | None

Highpass to apply when displaying data.

lowpassfloat | None

Lowpass to apply when displaying data. If highpass > lowpass, a bandstop rather than bandpass filter will be applied.

filtorderint

Filtering order. 0 will use FIR filtering with MNE defaults. Other values will construct an IIR filter of the given order and apply it with filtfilt() (making the effective order twice filtorder). Filtering may produce some edge artifacts (at the left and right edges) of the signals during display.

Changed in version 0.18: Support for filtorder=0 to use FIR filtering.

clippingstr | float | None

If None, channels are allowed to exceed their designated bounds in the plot. If “clamp”, then values are clamped to the appropriate range for display, creating step-like artifacts. If “transparent”, then excessive values are not shown, creating gaps in the traces. If float, clipping occurs for values beyond the clipping multiple of their dedicated range, so clipping=1. is an alias for clipping='transparent'.

Changed in version 0.21: Support for float, and default changed from None to 1.5.

show_first_sampbool

If True, show time axis relative to the raw.first_samp.

projbool

Whether to apply projectors prior to plotting (default is True). Individual projectors can be enabled/disabled interactively (see Notes). This argument only affects the plot; use raw.apply_proj() to modify the data stored in the Raw object.

group_bystr

How to group channels. 'type' groups by channel type, 'original' plots in the order of ch_names, 'selection' uses Elekta’s channel groupings (only works for Neuromag data), 'position' groups the channels by the positions of the sensors. 'selection' and 'position' modes allow custom selections by using lasso selector on the topomap. Pressing ctrl key while selecting allows appending to the current selection. Channels marked as bad appear with red edges on the topomap. 'type' and 'original' groups the channels by type in butterfly mode whereas 'selection' and 'position' use regional grouping. 'type' and 'original' modes are overridden with order keyword.

butterflybool

Whether to start in butterfly mode. Defaults to False.

decimint | ‘auto’

Amount to decimate the data during display for speed purposes. You should only decimate if the data are sufficiently low-passed, otherwise aliasing can occur. The ‘auto’ mode (default) uses the decimation that results in a sampling rate least three times larger than min(info['lowpass'], lowpass) (e.g., a 40 Hz lowpass will result in at least a 120 Hz displayed sample rate).

noise_covinstance of Covariance | str | None

Noise covariance used to whiten the data while plotting. Whitened data channels are scaled by scalings['whitened'], and their channel names are shown in italic. Can be a string to load a covariance from disk. See also mne.Evoked.plot_white() for additional inspection of noise covariance properties when whitening evoked data. For data processed with SSS, the effective dependence between magnetometers and gradiometers may introduce differences in scaling, consider using mne.Evoked.plot_white().

New in version 0.16.0.

event_iddict | None

Event IDs used to show at event markers (default None shows the event numbers).

New in version 0.16.0.

show_scrollbarsbool

Whether to show scrollbars when the plot is initialized. Can be toggled after initialization by pressing z (“zen mode”) while the plot window is focused. Default is True.

New in version 0.19.0.

show_scalebarsbool

Whether or not to show the scale bars. Defaults to True.

New in version 0.20.0.

verbosebool, str, int, or None

If not None, override default verbose level (see mne.verbose() and Logging documentation for more). If used, it should be passed as a keyword-argument only.

Returns

figinstance of matplotlib.figure.Figure

Raw traces.

Notes

The arrow keys (up/down/left/right) can typically be used to navigate between channels and time ranges, but this depends on the backend matplotlib is configured to use (e.g., mpl.use(‘TkAgg’) should work). The left/right arrows will scroll by 25% of duration, whereas shift+left/shift+right will scroll by 100% of duration. The scaling can be adjusted with - and + (or =) keys. The viewport dimensions can be adjusted with page up/page down and home/end keys. Full screen mode can be toggled with the F11 key. To mark or un-mark a channel as bad, click on a channel label or a channel trace. The changes will be reflected immediately in the raw object’s raw.info['bads'] entry.

If projectors are present, a button labelled “Proj” in the lower right corner of the plot window opens a secondary control window, which allows enabling/disabling specific projectors individually. This provides a means of interactively observing how each projector would affect the raw data if it were applied.

Annotation mode is toggled by pressing ‘a’, butterfly mode by pressing ‘b’, and whitening mode (when noise_cov is not None) by pressing ‘w’. By default, the channel means are removed when remove_dc is set to True. This flag can be toggled by pressing ‘d’.

Examples using mne.viz.plot_raw