mne.minimum_norm.apply_inverse#
- mne.minimum_norm.apply_inverse(evoked, inverse_operator, lambda2=0.1111111111111111, method='dSPM', pick_ori=None, prepared=False, label=None, method_params=None, return_residual=False, use_cps=True, verbose=None)[source]#
Apply inverse operator to evoked data.
- Parameters:
- evoked
Evoked
object Evoked data.
- inverse_operatorinstance of
InverseOperator
Inverse operator.
- lambda2
float
The regularization parameter.
- method“MNE” | “dSPM” | “sLORETA” | “eLORETA”
Use minimum norm [1], dSPM (default) [2], sLORETA [3], or eLORETA [4].
- pick_ori
None
| “normal” | “vector” Options:
None
Pooling is performed by taking the norm of loose/free orientations. In case of a fixed source space no norm is computed leading to signed source activity.
"normal"
Only the normal to the cortical surface is kept. This is only implemented when working with loose orientations.
"vector"
No pooling of the orientations is done, and the vector result will be returned in the form of a
mne.VectorSourceEstimate
object.
- prepared
bool
If True, do not call
prepare_inverse_operator()
.- label
Label
|None
Restricts the source estimates to a given label. If None, source estimates will be computed for the entire source space.
- method_params
dict
|None
Additional options for eLORETA. See Notes for details.
New in version 0.16.
- return_residual
bool
If True (default False), return the residual evoked data. Cannot be used with
method=='eLORETA'
.New in version 0.17.
- use_cps
bool
Whether to use cortical patch statistics to define normal orientations for surfaces (default True).
Only used when the inverse is free orientation (
loose=1.
), not in surface orientation, andpick_ori='normal'
.New in version 0.20.
- verbose
bool
|str
|int
|None
Control verbosity of the logging output. If
None
, use the default verbosity level. See the logging documentation andmne.verbose()
for details. Should only be passed as a keyword argument.
- evoked
- Returns:
- stc
SourceEstimate
|VectorSourceEstimate
|VolSourceEstimate
The source estimates.
- residualinstance of
Evoked
The residual evoked data, only returned if return_residual is True.
- stc
See also
apply_inverse_raw
Apply inverse operator to raw object.
apply_inverse_epochs
Apply inverse operator to epochs object.
apply_inverse_tfr_epochs
Apply inverse operator to epochs tfr object.
apply_inverse_cov
Apply inverse operator to covariance object.
Notes
Currently only the
method='eLORETA'
has additional options. It performs an iterative fit with a convergence criterion, so you can pass amethod_params
dict
with string keys mapping to values for:- ‘eps’float
The convergence epsilon (default 1e-6).
- ‘max_iter’int
The maximum number of iterations (default 20). If less regularization is applied, more iterations may be necessary.
- ‘force_equal’bool
Force all eLORETA weights for each direction for a given location equal. The default is None, which means
True
for loose-orientation inverses andFalse
for free- and fixed-orientation inverses. See below.
The eLORETA paper [4] defines how to compute inverses for fixed- and free-orientation inverses. In the free orientation case, the X/Y/Z orientation triplet for each location is effectively multiplied by a 3x3 weight matrix. This is the behavior obtained with
force_equal=False
parameter.However, other noise normalization methods (dSPM, sLORETA) multiply all orientations for a given location by a single value. Using
force_equal=True
mimics this behavior by modifying the iterative algorithm to choose uniform weights (equivalent to a 3x3 diagonal matrix with equal entries).It is necessary to use
force_equal=True
with loose orientation inverses (e.g.,loose=0.2
), otherwise the solution resembles a free-orientation inverse (loose=1.0
). It is thus recommended to useforce_equal=True
for loose orientation andforce_equal=False
for free orientation inverses. This is the behavior used when the parameterforce_equal=None
(default behavior).References
Examples using mne.minimum_norm.apply_inverse
#
Overview of MEG/EEG analysis with MNE-Python
Working with CTF data: the Brainstorm auditory dataset
Source localization with MNE, dSPM, sLORETA, and eLORETA
The role of dipole orientations in distributed source localization
Computing various MNE solutions
Visualize source time courses (stcs)
EEG source localization given electrode locations on an MRI
Permutation t-test on source data with spatio-temporal clustering
Repeated measures ANOVA on source data with spatio-temporal clustering
Corrupt known signal with point spread
Compare simulated and estimated source activity
Simulate raw data using subject anatomy
Compute MNE-dSPM inverse solution on single epochs
Compute MNE-dSPM inverse solution on evoked data in volume source space
Generate a functional label from source estimates
Extracting the time series of activations in a label
Compute sparse inverse solution with mixed norm: MxNE and irMxNE
Compute MNE inverse solution on evoked data with a mixed source space
Morph volumetric source estimate
Computing source timecourses with an XFit-like multi-dipole model
Compute MxNE with time-frequency sparse prior
Plotting the full vector-valued MNE solution
Optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) data
From raw data to dSPM on SPM Faces dataset