Note

Go to the end to download the full example code.

Decoding real-time data🔗

This example demonstrates how to decode real-time data using MNE-Python and Scikit-learn. We will stream the sample_audvis_raw.fif file from MNE’s sample dataset with a PlayerLSL, process the signal through a StreamLSL, and decode the epochs created with EpochsStream.

import time
import uuid

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mne.decoding import Vectorizer
from mne.io import read_raw_fif
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.model_selection import ShuffleSplit, cross_val_score
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

from mne_lsl.datasets import sample
from mne_lsl.player import PlayerLSL
from mne_lsl.stream import EpochsStream, StreamLSL

fname = sample.data_path() / "mne-sample" / "sample_audvis_raw.fif"
raw = read_raw_fif(fname, preload=False).pick(("meg", "stim")).load_data()
source_id = uuid.uuid4().hex
player = PlayerLSL(raw, chunk_size=200, name="real-time-decoding", source_id=source_id)
player.start()
player.info
General
MNE object type Info
Measurement date 2002-12-03 at 19:01:10 UTC
Participant Unknown
Experimenter MEG
Acquisition
Sampling frequency 600.61 Hz
Channels
Magnetometers
Gradiometers and
Stimulus
Head & sensor digitization 146 points
Filters
Highpass 0.10 Hz
Lowpass 172.18 Hz
Projections PCA-v1 (off)
PCA-v2 (off)
PCA-v3 (off)


Signal processing🔗

We will apply minimal signal processing to the data. First, only the gradiometers will be used for decoding, thus other channels are removed. Then we mark bad channels and applying a low-pass filter at 40 Hz.

stream = StreamLSL(bufsize=5, name="real-time-decoding", source_id=source_id)
stream.connect(acquisition_delay=0.1, processing_flags="all")
stream.info["bads"] = ["MEG 2443"]
stream.pick(("grad", "stim")).filter(None, 40, picks="grad")
stream.info
General
MNE object type Info
Measurement date Unknown
Participant Unknown
Experimenter Unknown
Acquisition
Sampling frequency 600.61 Hz
Channels
Gradiometers and
Stimulus
Head & sensor digitization 146 points
Filters
Highpass 0.10 Hz
Lowpass 172.18 Hz


Epoch the signal🔗

Next, we will create epochs around the event 1 (audio left) and 3 (visual left).

epochs = EpochsStream(
    stream,
    bufsize=10,
    event_id=dict(audio_left=1, visual_left=3),
    event_channels="STI 014",
    tmin=-0.2,
    tmax=0.5,
    baseline=(None, 0),
    reject=dict(grad=4000e-13),  # unit: T / m (gradiometers)
).connect(acquisition_delay=0.1)
epochs.info
General
MNE object type Info
Measurement date Unknown
Participant Unknown
Experimenter Unknown
Acquisition
Sampling frequency 600.61 Hz
Channels
Gradiometers
Stimulus
Head & sensor digitization 146 points
Filters
Highpass 0.10 Hz
Lowpass 172.18 Hz


Define the classifier🔗

We will use a LogisticRegression classifier to decode the epochs.

Note

The object Vectorizer is used to transform the epochs in a 2D array of shape (n_epochs, n_features). It’s simply reshapes the epochs data with:

data = epochs.get_data()
data = data.reshape(data.shape[0], -1)

vectorizer = Vectorizer()
scaler = StandardScaler()
clf = LogisticRegression()
classifier = Pipeline([("vector", vectorizer), ("scaler", scaler), ("svm", clf)])

Decode🔗

First, we will wait for a minimum number of epochs to be available. Then, the classifier will be trained for the first time and future epochs will be used to retrain the classifier every 5 epochs.

min_epochs = 10
while epochs.n_new_epochs < min_epochs:
    time.sleep(0.5)

# prepare figure to plot classifiation score
if not plt.isinteractive():
    plt.ion()
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_xlabel("Epochsn n°")
ax.set_ylabel("Classification score (% correct)")
ax.set_title("Real-time decoding")
ax.set_xlim([min_epochs, 50])
ax.set_ylim([30, 105])
ax.axhline(50, color="k", linestyle="--", label="Chance level")
plt.show()

# decoding loop
scores_x, scores, std_scores = [], [], []
while True:
    if len(scores_x) != 0 and 50 <= scores_x[-1]:
        break
    n_epochs = epochs.n_new_epochs
    if n_epochs == 0 or n_epochs % 5 != 0:
        time.sleep(0.5)  # give time to the streaming and acquisition threads
        continue

    if len(scores_x) == 0:  # first training
        X = epochs.get_data(n_epochs=n_epochs)
        y = epochs.events[-n_epochs:]
    else:
        X = np.concatenate((X, epochs.get_data(n_epochs=n_epochs)), axis=0)
        y = np.concatenate((y, epochs.events[-n_epochs:]))
    cv = ShuffleSplit(5, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)
    scores_t = cross_val_score(classifier, X, y, cv=cv, n_jobs=1) * 100
    std_scores.append(scores_t.std())
    scores.append(scores_t.mean())
    scores_x.append(scores_x[-1] + n_epochs if len(scores_x) != 0 else n_epochs)

    # update figure
    ax.plot(scores_x[-2:], scores[-2:], "-x", color="b")
    hyp_limits = (
        np.asarray(scores[-2:]) - np.asarray(std_scores[-2:]),
        np.asarray(scores[-2:]) + np.asarray(std_scores[-2:]),
    )
    fill = ax.fill_between(
        scores_x[-2:], y1=hyp_limits[0], y2=hyp_limits[1], color="b", alpha=0.5
    )
    plt.pause(0.1)
    plt.draw()
Real-time decoding
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d23bf8c0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3c9e710> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3c9e710> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3c9ee90> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3c9ee90> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3d08c30> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3d08c30> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3d0afd0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3d0afd0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3c10a70> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3c10a70> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3c10a70> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d23bf8c0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3c548d0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3c548d0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3c54af0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3c54af0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3d72a50> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3d72a50> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3d73050> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3d73050> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d26906e0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d26906e0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d23bf8c0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d2692990> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d2692990> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d26d8d70> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d26d8d70> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d26d90f0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d26d90f0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3c7bad0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3c7bad0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3a1a390> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3a1a390> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d23bf8c0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3a1a2d0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3a1a2d0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3daa200> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3daa200> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3da9d30> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3da9d30> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d2775db0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d2775db0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d2777070> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d2777070> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d23bf8c0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3dd9520> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3dd9520> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f7274131cd0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f7274131cd0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f7274131ed0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f7274131ed0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3135ef0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3135ef0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3136660> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3136660> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d3136660> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d23bf8c0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d2debd10> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d2debd10> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d2debd10> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d2deb4d0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d2deb4d0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72bc816490> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72bc816490> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72bc8155e0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72bc8155e0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72bc1dd6d0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72bc1dd6d0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d23bf8c0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f47d0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f47d0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f6da0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f6da0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f73e0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f73e0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f4230> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f4230> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f63f0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f63f0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d23bf8c0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f7250> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f7250> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f54f0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f54f0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f5130> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f5130> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f7a20> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f7a20> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f5cc0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f5cc0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.13.0/x64/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sklearn/utils/_tags.py:322: FutureWarning: Estimator <mne.decoding.transformer.Vectorizer object at 0x7f72d22f5cc0> has no __sklearn_tags__ attribute, which is defined in `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator`. This will raise an error in scikit-learn 1.8. Please define the __sklearn_tags__ method, or inherit from `sklearn.base.BaseEstimator` and other appropriate mixins such as `sklearn.base.TransformerMixin`, `sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin`, `sklearn.base.RegressorMixin`, and `sklearn.base.ClusterMixin`, and `sklearn.base.OutlierMixin`.
  warnings.warn(

Free resources🔗

When you are done with a PlayerLSL, StreamLSL or EpochsStream, don’t forget to free the resources they use to continuously mock an LSL stream or receive new data from an LSL stream.

epochs.disconnect()

<EpochsStream OFF (n: 10 between (-0.2, 0.5 seconds)> connected to:
    <Stream: ON | real-time-decoding (source: fb89dd4888a34fdeb03725dbf176cd35)>

stream.disconnect()

<Stream: OFF | real-time-decoding (source: fb89dd4888a34fdeb03725dbf176cd35)>

player.stop()

<Player: real-time-decoding | OFF | /home/runner/mne_data/MNE-LSL-data/sample/mne-sample/sample_audvis_raw.fif>

Total running time of the script: (1 minutes 18.138 seconds)

Estimated memory usage: 606 MB

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