mne.inverse_sparse.gamma_map#
- mne.inverse_sparse.gamma_map(evoked, forward, noise_cov, alpha, loose='auto', depth=0.8, xyz_same_gamma=True, maxit=10000, tol=1e-06, update_mode=1, gammas=None, pca=True, return_residual=False, return_as_dipoles=False, rank=None, pick_ori=None, verbose=None)[source]#
Hierarchical Bayes (Gamma-MAP) sparse source localization method.
Models each source time course using a zero-mean Gaussian prior with an unknown variance (gamma) parameter. During estimation, most gammas are driven to zero, resulting in a sparse source estimate, as in [1] and [2].
For fixed-orientation forward operators, a separate gamma is used for each source time course, while for free-orientation forward operators, the same gamma is used for the three source time courses at each source space point (separate gammas can be used in this case by using xyz_same_gamma=False).
- Parameters:
- evokedinstance of
Evoked
Evoked data to invert.
- forward
dict
Forward operator.
- noise_covinstance of
Covariance
Noise covariance to compute whitener.
- alpha
float
Regularization parameter (noise variance).
- loose
float
| ‘auto’ |dict
Value that weights the source variances of the dipole components that are parallel (tangential) to the cortical surface. Can be:
- float between 0 and 1 (inclusive)
If 0, then the solution is computed with fixed orientation. If 1, it corresponds to free orientations.
'auto'
(default)Uses 0.2 for surface source spaces (unless
fixed
is True) and 1.0 for other source spaces (volume or mixed).
- dict
Mapping from the key for a given source space type (surface, volume, discrete) to the loose value. Useful mostly for mixed source spaces.
- depth
None
|float
|dict
How to weight (or normalize) the forward using a depth prior. If float (default 0.8), it acts as the depth weighting exponent (
exp
) to use None is equivalent to 0, meaning no depth weighting is performed. It can also be adict
containing keyword arguments to pass tomne.forward.compute_depth_prior()
(see docstring for details and defaults). This is effectively ignored whenmethod='eLORETA'
.Changed in version 0.20: Depth bias ignored for
method='eLORETA'
.- xyz_same_gamma
bool
Use same gamma for xyz current components at each source space point. Recommended for free-orientation forward solutions.
- maxit
int
Maximum number of iterations.
- tol
float
Tolerance parameter for convergence.
- update_mode
int
Update mode, 1: MacKay update (default), 2: Modified MacKay update.
- gammas
array
, shape=(n_sources,) Initial values for posterior variances (gammas). If None, a variance of 1.0 is used.
- pca
bool
If True the rank of the data is reduced to the true dimension.
- return_residual
bool
If True, the residual is returned as an Evoked instance.
- return_as_dipoles
bool
If True, the sources are returned as a list of Dipole instances.
- rank
None
| ‘info’ | ‘full’ |dict
This controls the rank computation that can be read from the measurement info or estimated from the data. When a noise covariance is used for whitening, this should reflect the rank of that covariance, otherwise amplification of noise components can occur in whitening (e.g., often during source localization).
None
The rank will be estimated from the data after proper scaling of different channel types.
'info'
The rank is inferred from
info
. If data have been processed with Maxwell filtering, the Maxwell filtering header is used. Otherwise, the channel counts themselves are used. In both cases, the number of projectors is subtracted from the (effective) number of channels in the data. For example, if Maxwell filtering reduces the rank to 68, with two projectors the returned value will be 66.'full'
The rank is assumed to be full, i.e. equal to the number of good channels. If a
Covariance
is passed, this can make sense if it has been (possibly improperly) regularized without taking into account the true data rank.dict
Calculate the rank only for a subset of channel types, and explicitly specify the rank for the remaining channel types. This can be extremely useful if you already know the rank of (part of) your data, for instance in case you have calculated it earlier.
This parameter must be a dictionary whose keys correspond to channel types in the data (e.g.
'meg'
,'mag'
,'grad'
,'eeg'
), and whose values are integers representing the respective ranks. For example,{'mag': 90, 'eeg': 45}
will assume a rank of90
and45
for magnetometer data and EEG data, respectively.The ranks for all channel types present in the data, but not specified in the dictionary will be estimated empirically. That is, if you passed a dataset containing magnetometer, gradiometer, and EEG data together with the dictionary from the previous example, only the gradiometer rank would be determined, while the specified magnetometer and EEG ranks would be taken for granted.
The default is
None
.New in version 0.18.
- pick_ori
None
| “normal” | “vector” Options:
None
Pooling is performed by taking the norm of loose/free orientations. In case of a fixed source space no norm is computed leading to signed source activity.
"normal"
Only the normal to the cortical surface is kept. This is only implemented when working with loose orientations.
"vector"
No pooling of the orientations is done, and the vector result will be returned in the form of a
mne.VectorSourceEstimate
object.
- verbose
bool
|str
|int
|None
Control verbosity of the logging output. If
None
, use the default verbosity level. See the logging documentation andmne.verbose()
for details. Should only be passed as a keyword argument.
- evokedinstance of
- Returns:
- stcinstance of
SourceEstimate
Source time courses.
- residualinstance of
Evoked
The residual a.k.a. data not explained by the sources. Only returned if return_residual is True.
- stcinstance of
References
Examples using mne.inverse_sparse.gamma_map
#
Compute a sparse inverse solution using the Gamma-MAP empirical Bayesian method