mne.find_events¶

mne.find_events(raw, stim_channel=None, output='onset', consecutive='increasing', min_duration=0, shortest_event=2, mask=None, uint_cast=False, mask_type='and', initial_event=False, verbose=None)[source]¶

Find events from raw file.

See Parsing events from raw data and Working with events for more information about events.

Parameters

rawRaw object: The raw data.
stim_channelNone | str | list of str: Name of the stim channel or all the stim channels affected by triggers. If None, the config variables ‘MNE_STIM_CHANNEL’, ‘MNE_STIM_CHANNEL_1’, ‘MNE_STIM_CHANNEL_2’, etc. are read. If these are not found, it will fall back to ‘STI 014’ if present, then fall back to the first channel of type ‘stim’, if present. If multiple channels are provided then the returned events are the union of all the events extracted from individual stim channels.
output‘onset’ | ‘offset’ | ‘step’: Whether to report when events start, when events end, or both.
consecutivebool | ‘increasing’: If True, consider instances where the value of the events channel changes without first returning to zero as multiple events. If False, report only instances where the value of the events channel changes from/to zero. If ‘increasing’, report adjacent events only when the second event code is greater than the first.
min_durationfloat: The minimum duration of a change in the events channel required to consider it as an event (in seconds).
shortest_eventint: Minimum number of samples an event must last (default is 2). If the duration is less than this an exception will be raised.
maskint | None: The value of the digital mask to apply to the stim channel values. If None (default), no masking is performed.
uint_castbool: If True (default False), do a cast to uint16 on the channel data. This can be used to fix a bug with STI101 and STI014 in Neuromag acquisition setups that use channel STI016 (channel 16 turns data into e.g. -32768), similar to mne_fix_stim14 --32 in MNE-C.

New in version 0.12.
mask_type‘and’ | ‘not_and’: The type of operation between the mask and the trigger. Choose ‘and’ (default) for MNE-C masking behavior.

New in version 0.13.
initial_eventbool: If True (default False), an event is created if the stim channel has a value different from 0 as its first sample. This is useful if an event at t=0s is present.

New in version 0.16.
verbosebool | str | int | None: Control verbosity of the logging output. If None, use the default verbosity level. See the logging documentation and mne.verbose() for details. Should only be passed as a keyword argument.

Returns

eventsarray, shape = (n_events, 3): All events that were found. The first column contains the event time in samples and the third column contains the event id. For output = ‘onset’ or ‘step’, the second column contains the value of the stim channel immediately before the event/step. For output = ‘offset’, the second column contains the value of the stim channel after the event offset.

See also

find_stim_steps: Find all the steps in the stim channel.
read_events: Read events from disk.
write_events: Write events to disk.

Notes

Warning

If you are working with downsampled data, events computed before decimation are no longer valid. Please recompute your events after decimation, but note this reduces the precision of event timing.

Examples

Consider data with a stim channel that looks like:

[0, 32, 32, 33, 32, 0]

By default, find_events returns all samples at which the value of the stim channel increases:

>>> print(find_events(raw)) 
[[ 1  0 32]
 [ 3 32 33]]

If consecutive is False, find_events only returns the samples at which the stim channel changes from zero to a non-zero value:

>>> print(find_events(raw, consecutive=False)) 
[[ 1  0 32]]

If consecutive is True, find_events returns samples at which the event changes, regardless of whether it first returns to zero:

>>> print(find_events(raw, consecutive=True)) 
[[ 1  0 32]
 [ 3 32 33]
 [ 4 33 32]]

If output is ‘offset’, find_events returns the last sample of each event instead of the first one:

>>> print(find_events(raw, consecutive=True, 
...                   output='offset'))
[[ 2 33 32]
 [ 3 32 33]
 [ 4  0 32]]

If output is ‘step’, find_events returns the samples at which an event starts or ends:

>>> print(find_events(raw, consecutive=True, 
...                   output='step'))
[[ 1  0 32]
 [ 3 32 33]
 [ 4 33 32]
 [ 5 32  0]]

To ignore spurious events, it is also possible to specify a minimum event duration. Assuming our events channel has a sample rate of 1000 Hz:

>>> print(find_events(raw, consecutive=True, 
...                   min_duration=0.002))
[[ 1  0 32]]

For the digital mask, if mask_type is set to ‘and’ it will take the binary representation of the digital mask, e.g. 5 -> ‘00000101’, and will allow the values to pass where mask is one, e.g.:

'0000111' <- trigger value
'0100101' <- mask
----------------
'0000101'

For the digital mask, if mask_type is set to ‘not_and’ it will take the binary representation of the digital mask, e.g. 5 -> ‘00000101’, and will block the values where mask is one, e.g.:

'0000111' <- trigger value
'0100101' <- mask
----------------
'0000010'

Examples using `mne.find_events`¶

mne.concatenate_events

mne.find_stim_steps

mne.find_events¶

Examples using mne.find_events¶

Examples using `mne.find_events`¶