mne.Label#

class mne.Label(vertices=(), pos=None, values=None, hemi=None, comment='', name=None, filename=None, subject=None, color=None, *, verbose=None)[source]#

A FreeSurfer/MNE label with vertices restricted to one hemisphere.

Labels can be combined with the + operator:

  • Duplicate vertices are removed.

  • If duplicate vertices have conflicting position values, an error is raised.

  • Values of duplicate vertices are summed.

Parameters
verticesarray, shape (N,)

Vertex indices (0 based).

posarray, shape (N, 3) | None

Locations in meters. If None, then zeros are used.

valuesarray, shape (N,) | None

Values at the vertices. If None, then ones are used.

hemi‘lh’ | ‘rh’

Hemisphere to which the label applies.

commentstr

Kept as information but not used by the object itself.

namestr

Kept as information but not used by the object itself.

filenamestr

Kept as information but not used by the object itself.

subjectstr | None

Subject which this label belongs to. Should only be specified if it is not specified in the label.

colorNone | matplotlib color

Default label color and alpha (e.g., (1., 0., 0., 1.) for red).

verbosebool | str | int | None

Control verbosity of the logging output. If None, use the default verbosity level. See the logging documentation and mne.verbose() for details. Should only be passed as a keyword argument.

Attributes
colorNone | tuple

Default label color, represented as RGBA tuple with values between 0 and 1.

commentstr

Comment from the first line of the label file.

hemi‘lh’ | ‘rh’

Hemisphere.

nameNone | str

A name for the label. It is OK to change that attribute manually.

posarray, shape (N, 3)

Locations in meters.

subjectstr | None

The label subject. It is best practice to set this to the proper value on initialization, but it can also be set manually.

valuesarray, shape (N,)

Values at the vertices.

verticesarray, shape (N,)

Vertex indices (0 based)

Methods

__add__(other)

Add Labels.

__len__()

Return the number of vertices.

__sub__(other)

Subtract Labels.

center_of_mass([subject, restrict_vertices, ...])

Compute the center of mass of the label.

compute_area([subject, subjects_dir, ...])

Compute the surface area of a label.

copy()

Copy the label instance.

distances_to_outside([subject, ...])

Compute the distance from each vertex to outside the label.

fill(src[, name])

Fill the surface between sources for a source space label.

get_tris(tris[, vertices])

Get the source space's triangles inside the label.

get_vertices_used([vertices])

Get the source space's vertices inside the label.

morph([subject_from, subject_to, smooth, ...])

Morph the label.

restrict(src[, name])

Restrict a label to a source space.

save(filename)

Write to disk as FreeSurfer *.label file.

smooth([subject, smooth, grade, ...])

Smooth the label.

split([parts, subject, subjects_dir, freesurfer])

Split the Label into two or more parts.

__add__(other)[source]#

Add Labels.

__len__()[source]#

Return the number of vertices.

Returns
n_verticesint

The number of vertices.

__sub__(other)[source]#

Subtract Labels.

center_of_mass(subject=None, restrict_vertices=False, subjects_dir=None, surf='sphere')[source]#

Compute the center of mass of the label.

This function computes the spatial center of mass on the surface as in 1.

Parameters
subjectstr | None

Subject which this label belongs to. Should only be specified if it is not specified in the label.

restrict_verticesbool | array of int | instance of SourceSpaces

If True, returned vertex will be one from the label. Otherwise, it could be any vertex from surf. If an array of int, the returned vertex will come from that array. If instance of SourceSpaces (as of 0.13), the returned vertex will be from the given source space. For most accuruate estimates, do not restrict vertices.

subjects_dirpath-like | None

The path to the directory containing the FreeSurfer subjects reconstructions. If None, defaults to the SUBJECTS_DIR environment variable.

surfstr

The surface to use for Euclidean distance center of mass finding. The default here is “sphere”, which finds the center of mass on the spherical surface to help avoid potential issues with cortical folding.

Returns
vertexint

Vertex of the spatial center of mass for the inferred hemisphere, with each vertex weighted by its label value.

Notes

New in version 0.13.

References

1

Eric Larson and Adrian K.C. Lee. The cortical dynamics underlying effective switching of auditory spatial attention. NeuroImage, 64:365–370, 2013. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.006.

compute_area(subject=None, subjects_dir=None, surface='white', *, verbose=None)[source]#

Compute the surface area of a label.

Parameters
subjectstr | None

Subject which this label belongs to. Should only be specified if it is not specified in the label.

subjects_dirpath-like | None

The path to the directory containing the FreeSurfer subjects reconstructions. If None, defaults to the SUBJECTS_DIR environment variable.

surfacestr

The surface along which to do the computations, defaults to 'white' (the gray-white matter boundary).

verbosebool | str | int | None

Control verbosity of the logging output. If None, use the default verbosity level. See the logging documentation and mne.verbose() for details. Should only be passed as a keyword argument.

Returns
areafloat

The area (in m²) of the label.

Notes

..versionadded:: 0.24

Examples using compute_area:

Corrupt known signal with point spread

Corrupt known signal with point spread

Corrupt known signal with point spread
copy()[source]#

Copy the label instance.

Returns
labelinstance of Label

The copied label.

distances_to_outside(subject=None, subjects_dir=None, surface='white', *, verbose=None)[source]#

Compute the distance from each vertex to outside the label.

Parameters
subjectstr | None

Subject which this label belongs to. Should only be specified if it is not specified in the label.

subjects_dirpath-like | None

The path to the directory containing the FreeSurfer subjects reconstructions. If None, defaults to the SUBJECTS_DIR environment variable.

surfacestr

The surface along which to do the computations, defaults to 'white' (the gray-white matter boundary).

verbosebool | str | int | None

Control verbosity of the logging output. If None, use the default verbosity level. See the logging documentation and mne.verbose() for details. Should only be passed as a keyword argument.

Returns
distndarray, shape (n_vertices,)

The distance from each vertex in self.vertices to exit the label.

outside_verticesndarray, shape (n_vertices,)

For each vertex in the label, the nearest vertex outside the label.

Notes

Distances are computed along the cortical surface.

New in version 0.24.

Examples using distances_to_outside:

Corrupt known signal with point spread

Corrupt known signal with point spread

Corrupt known signal with point spread
fill(src, name=None)[source]#

Fill the surface between sources for a source space label.

Parameters
srcSourceSpaces

Source space in which the label was defined. If a source space is provided, the label is expanded to fill in surface vertices that lie between the vertices included in the source space. For the added vertices, pos is filled in with positions from the source space, and values is filled in from the closest source space vertex.

nameNone | str

Name for the new Label (default is self.name).

Returns
labelLabel

The label covering the same vertices in source space but also including intermediate surface vertices.

get_tris(tris, vertices=None)[source]#

Get the source space’s triangles inside the label.

Parameters
trisndarray of int, shape (n_tris, 3)

The set of triangles corresponding to the vertices in a source space.

verticesndarray of int, shape (n_vertices,) | None

The set of vertices to compare the label to. If None, equals to np.arange(10242). Defaults to None.

Returns
label_trisndarray of int, shape (n_tris, 3)

The subset of tris used by the label.

get_vertices_used(vertices=None)[source]#

Get the source space’s vertices inside the label.

Parameters
verticesndarray of int, shape (n_vertices,) | None

The set of vertices to compare the label to. If None, equals to np.arange(10242). Defaults to None.

Returns
label_vertsndarray of in, shape (n_label_vertices,)

The vertices of the label corresponding used by the data.

morph(subject_from=None, subject_to=None, smooth=5, grade=None, subjects_dir=None, n_jobs=1, verbose=None)[source]#

Morph the label.

Useful for transforming a label from one subject to another.

Parameters
subject_fromstr | None

The name of the subject of the current label. If None, the initial subject will be taken from self.subject.

subject_tostr

The name of the subject to morph the label to. This will be put in label.subject of the output label file.

smoothint

Number of iterations for the smoothing of the surface data. Cannot be None here since not all vertices are used.

gradeint, list of shape (2,), array, or None

Resolution of the icosahedral mesh (typically 5). If None, all vertices will be used (potentially filling the surface). If a list, values will be morphed to the set of vertices specified in grade[0] and grade[1], assuming that these are vertices for the left and right hemispheres. Note that specifying the vertices (e.g., grade=[np.arange(10242), np.arange(10242)] for fsaverage on a standard grade 5 source space) can be substantially faster than computing vertex locations. If one array is used, it is assumed that all vertices belong to the hemisphere of the label. To create a label filling the surface, use None.

subjects_dirpath-like | None

The path to the directory containing the FreeSurfer subjects reconstructions. If None, defaults to the SUBJECTS_DIR environment variable.

n_jobsint

The number of jobs to run in parallel (default 1). If -1, it is set to the number of CPU cores. Requires the joblib package.

verbosebool | str | int | None

Control verbosity of the logging output. If None, use the default verbosity level. See the logging documentation and mne.verbose() for details. Should only be passed as a keyword argument.

Returns
labelinstance of Label

The morphed label.

See also

mne.morph_labels

Morph a set of labels.

Notes

This function will set label.pos to be all zeros. If the positions on the new surface are required, consider using mne.read_surface with label.vertices.

restrict(src, name=None)[source]#

Restrict a label to a source space.

Parameters
srcinstance of SourceSpaces

The source spaces to use to restrict the label.

nameNone | str

Name for the new Label (default is self.name).

Returns
labelinstance of Label

The Label restricted to the set of source space vertices.

See also

Label.fill

Notes

New in version 0.20.

save(filename)[source]#

Write to disk as FreeSurfer *.label file.

Parameters
filenamestr

Path to label file to produce.

Notes

Note that due to file specification limitations, the Label’s subject and color attributes are not saved to disk.

smooth(subject=None, smooth=2, grade=None, subjects_dir=None, n_jobs=1, verbose=None)[source]#

Smooth the label.

Useful for filling in labels made in a decimated source space for display.

Parameters
subjectstr | None

Subject which this label belongs to. Should only be specified if it is not specified in the label.

smoothint

Number of iterations for the smoothing of the surface data. Cannot be None here since not all vertices are used. For a grade of 5 (e.g., fsaverage), a smoothing of 2 will fill a label.

gradeint, list of shape (2,), array, or None

Resolution of the icosahedral mesh (typically 5). If None, all vertices will be used (potentially filling the surface). If a list, values will be morphed to the set of vertices specified in grade[0] and grade[1], assuming that these are vertices for the left and right hemispheres. Note that specifying the vertices (e.g., grade=[np.arange(10242), np.arange(10242)] for fsaverage on a standard grade 5 source space) can be substantially faster than computing vertex locations. If one array is used, it is assumed that all vertices belong to the hemisphere of the label. To create a label filling the surface, use None.

subjects_dirpath-like | None

The path to the directory containing the FreeSurfer subjects reconstructions. If None, defaults to the SUBJECTS_DIR environment variable.

n_jobsint

The number of jobs to run in parallel (default 1). If -1, it is set to the number of CPU cores. Requires the joblib package.

verbosebool | str | int | None

Control verbosity of the logging output. If None, use the default verbosity level. See the logging documentation and mne.verbose() for details. Should only be passed as a keyword argument.

Returns
labelinstance of Label

The smoothed label.

Notes

This function will set label.pos to be all zeros. If the positions on the new surface are required, consider using mne.read_surface with label.vertices.

split(parts=2, subject=None, subjects_dir=None, freesurfer=False)[source]#

Split the Label into two or more parts.

Parameters
partsint >= 2 | tuple of str | str

Number of labels to create (default is 2), or tuple of strings specifying label names for new labels (from posterior to anterior), or ‘contiguous’ to split the label into connected components. If a number or ‘contiguous’ is specified, names of the new labels will be the input label’s name with div1, div2 etc. appended.

subjectstr | None

Subject which this label belongs to. Should only be specified if it is not specified in the label.

subjects_dirpath-like | None

The path to the directory containing the FreeSurfer subjects reconstructions. If None, defaults to the SUBJECTS_DIR environment variable.

freesurferbool

By default (False) split_label uses an algorithm that is slightly optimized for performance and numerical precision. Set freesurfer to True in order to replicate label splits from FreeSurfer’s mris_divide_parcellation.

Returns
labelslist of Label, shape (n_parts,)

The labels, starting from the lowest to the highest end of the projection axis.

Notes

If using ‘contiguous’ split, you must ensure that the label being split uses the same triangular resolution as the surface mesh files in subjects_dir Also, some small fringe labels may be returned that are close (but not connected) to the large components.

The spatial split finds the label’s principal eigen-axis on the spherical surface, projects all label vertex coordinates onto this axis, and divides them at regular spatial intervals.

Examples using mne.Label#

Corrupt known signal with point spread

Corrupt known signal with point spread

Corrupt known signal with point spread
Simulate raw data using subject anatomy

Simulate raw data using subject anatomy

Simulate raw data using subject anatomy
Generate simulated source data

Generate simulated source data

Generate simulated source data
Cortical Signal Suppression (CSS) for removal of cortical signals

Cortical Signal Suppression (CSS) for removal of cortical signals

Cortical Signal Suppression (CSS) for removal of cortical signals
Plot a cortical parcellation

Plot a cortical parcellation

Plot a cortical parcellation
Compute Power Spectral Density of inverse solution from single epochs

Compute Power Spectral Density of inverse solution from single epochs

Compute Power Spectral Density of inverse solution from single epochs
Compute power and phase lock in label of the source space

Compute power and phase lock in label of the source space

Compute power and phase lock in label of the source space
Compute source power spectral density (PSD) in a label

Compute source power spectral density (PSD) in a label

Compute source power spectral density (PSD) in a label
Compute MNE-dSPM inverse solution on single epochs

Compute MNE-dSPM inverse solution on single epochs

Compute MNE-dSPM inverse solution on single epochs
Compute sLORETA inverse solution on raw data

Compute sLORETA inverse solution on raw data

Compute sLORETA inverse solution on raw data
Extracting time course from source_estimate object

Extracting time course from source_estimate object

Extracting time course from source_estimate object
Generate a functional label from source estimates

Generate a functional label from source estimates

Generate a functional label from source estimates
Extracting the time series of activations in a label

Extracting the time series of activations in a label

Extracting the time series of activations in a label