Plot whitened evoked response.
Plots the whitened evoked response and the whitened GFP as described in [1]. This function is especially useful for investigating noise covariance properties to determine if data are properly whitened (e.g., achieving expected values in line with model assumptions, see Notes below).
mne.Evoked
The evoked response.
list
| instance of Covariance
| path-likeThe noise covariance. Can be a string to load a covariance from disk.
Show figure if True.
None
| ‘info’ | ‘full’ | dict
This controls the rank computation that can be read from the measurement info or estimated from the data. When a noise covariance is used for whitening, this should reflect the rank of that covariance, otherwise amplification of noise components can occur in whitening (e.g., often during source localization).
None
The rank will be estimated from the data after proper scaling of different channel types.
'info'
The rank is inferred from info
. If data have been processed
with Maxwell filtering, the Maxwell filtering header is used.
Otherwise, the channel counts themselves are used.
In both cases, the number of projectors is subtracted from
the (effective) number of channels in the data.
For example, if Maxwell filtering reduces the rank to 68, with
two projectors the returned value will be 66.
'full'
The rank is assumed to be full, i.e. equal to the
number of good channels. If a Covariance
is passed, this can
make sense if it has been (possibly improperly) regularized without
taking into account the true data rank.
dict
Calculate the rank only for a subset of channel types, and explicitly specify the rank for the remaining channel types. This can be extremely useful if you already know the rank of (part of) your data, for instance in case you have calculated it earlier.
This parameter must be a dictionary whose keys correspond to
channel types in the data (e.g. 'meg'
, 'mag'
, 'grad'
,
'eeg'
), and whose values are integers representing the
respective ranks. For example, {'mag': 90, 'eeg': 45}
will assume
a rank of 90
and 45
for magnetometer data and EEG data,
respectively.
The ranks for all channel types present in the data, but not specified in the dictionary will be estimated empirically. That is, if you passed a dataset containing magnetometer, gradiometer, and EEG data together with the dictionary from the previous example, only the gradiometer rank would be determined, while the specified magnetometer and EEG ranks would be taken for granted.
The default is None
.
str
The units for the time axis, can be “ms” or “s” (default).
New in version 0.16.
float
| array-like | instance of ConductorModel
| None
| ‘auto’ | ‘eeglab’The sphere parameters to use for the head outline. Can be array-like of
shape (4,) to give the X/Y/Z origin and radius in meters, or a single float
to give just the radius (origin assumed 0, 0, 0). Can also be an instance
of a spherical ConductorModel
to use the origin and
radius from that object. If 'auto'
the sphere is fit to digitization
points. If 'eeglab'
the head circle is defined by EEG electrodes
'Fpz'
, 'Oz'
, 'T7'
, and 'T8'
(if 'Fpz'
is not present,
it will be approximated from the coordinates of 'Oz'
). None
(the
default) is equivalent to 'auto'
when enough extra digitization points
are available, and (0, 0, 0, 0.095) otherwise. Currently the head radius
does not affect plotting.
New in version 0.20.
Changed in version 1.1: Added 'eeglab'
option.
list
| None
List of axes to plot into.
New in version 0.21.0.
str
| int
| None
Control verbosity of the logging output. If None
, use the default
verbosity level. See the logging documentation and
mne.verbose()
for details. Should only be passed as a keyword
argument.
matplotlib.figure.Figure
The figure object containing the plot.
See also
Notes
If baseline signals match the assumption of Gaussian white noise, values should be centered at 0, and be within 2 standard deviations (±1.96) for 95% of the time points. For the global field power (GFP), we expect it to fluctuate around a value of 1.
If one single covariance object is passed, the GFP panel (bottom)
will depict different sensor types. If multiple covariance objects are
passed as a list, the left column will display the whitened evoked
responses for each channel based on the whitener from the noise covariance
that has the highest log-likelihood. The left column will depict the
whitened GFPs based on each estimator separately for each sensor type.
Instead of numbers of channels the GFP display shows the estimated rank.
Note. The rank estimation will be printed by the logger
(if verbose=True
) for each noise covariance estimator that is passed.
References
Engemann D. and Gramfort A. (2015) Automated model selection in covariance estimation and spatial whitening of MEG and EEG signals, vol. 108, 328-342, NeuroImage.
mne.viz.plot_evoked_white
#Brainstorm Elekta phantom dataset tutorial