mne.filter.notch_filter¶

mne.filter.notch_filter(x, Fs, freqs, filter_length='auto', notch_widths=None, trans_bandwidth=1, method='fir', iir_params=None, mt_bandwidth=None, p_value=0.05, picks=None, n_jobs=1, copy=True, phase='zero', fir_window='hamming', fir_design='firwin', pad='reflect_limited', verbose=None)[source]

Notch filter for the signal x.

Applies a zero-phase notch filter to the signal x, operating on the last dimension.

Parameters
xarray

Signal to filter.

Fsfloat

Sampling rate in Hz.

freqs

Frequencies to notch filter in Hz, e.g. np.arange(60, 241, 60). None can only be used with the mode ‘spectrum_fit’, where an F test is used to find sinusoidal components.

filter_length

Length of the FIR filter to use (if applicable):

• ‘auto’ (default): The filter length is chosen based on the size of the transition regions (6.6 times the reciprocal of the shortest transition band for fir_window=’hamming’ and fir_design=”firwin2”, and half that for “firwin”).

• str: A human-readable time in units of “s” or “ms” (e.g., “10s” or “5500ms”) will be converted to that number of samples if phase="zero", or the shortest power-of-two length at least that duration for phase="zero-double".

• int: Specified length in samples. For fir_design=”firwin”, this should not be used.

notch_widths

Width of the stop band (centred at each freq in freqs) in Hz. If None, freqs / 200 is used.

trans_bandwidthfloat

Width of the transition band in Hz. Only used for method='fir'.

methodstr

‘fir’ will use overlap-add FIR filtering, ‘iir’ will use IIR forward-backward filtering (via filtfilt). ‘spectrum_fit’ will use multi-taper estimation of sinusoidal components. If freqs=None and method=’spectrum_fit’, significant sinusoidal components are detected using an F test, and noted by logging.

iir_params

Dictionary of parameters to use for IIR filtering. If iir_params is None and method=”iir”, 4th order Butterworth will be used. For more information, see mne.filter.construct_iir_filter().

mt_bandwidth

The bandwidth of the multitaper windowing function in Hz. Only used in ‘spectrum_fit’ mode.

p_valuefloat

P-value to use in F-test thresholding to determine significant sinusoidal components to remove when method=’spectrum_fit’ and freqs=None. Note that this will be Bonferroni corrected for the number of frequencies, so large p-values may be justified.

picks

Channels to include. Slices and lists of integers will be interpreted as channel indices. None (default) will pick all channels. Only supported for 2D (n_channels, n_times) and 3D (n_epochs, n_channels, n_times) data.

n_jobs

Number of jobs to run in parallel. Can be ‘cuda’ if cupy is installed properly and method=’fir’.

copybool

If True, a copy of x, filtered, is returned. Otherwise, it operates on x in place.

phasestr

Phase of the filter, only used if method='fir'. Symmetric linear-phase FIR filters are constructed, and if phase='zero' (default), the delay of this filter is compensated for, making it non-causal. If phase=='zero-double', then this filter is applied twice, once forward, and once backward (also making it non-causal). If ‘minimum’, then a minimum-phase filter will be constricted and applied, which is causal but has weaker stop-band suppression.

New in version 0.13.

fir_windowstr

The window to use in FIR design, can be “hamming” (default), “hann” (default in 0.13), or “blackman”.

New in version 0.15.

fir_designstr

Can be “firwin” (default) to use scipy.signal.firwin(), or “firwin2” to use scipy.signal.firwin2(). “firwin” uses a time-domain design technique that generally gives improved attenuation using fewer samples than “firwin2”.

New in version 0.15.

padstr

The type of padding to use. Supports all numpy.pad() mode options. Can also be “reflect_limited”, which pads with a reflected version of each vector mirrored on the first and last values of the vector, followed by zeros. Only used for method='fir'.

verbose

If not None, override default verbose level (see mne.verbose() and Logging documentation for more).

Returns
xfarray

The x array filtered.

Notes

The frequency response is (approximately) given by:

  1-|----------         -----------
|          \       /
|H| |           \     /
|            \   /
|             \ /
0-|              -
|         |    |    |         |
0        Fp1 freq  Fp2       Nyq


For each freq in freqs, where Fp1 = freq - trans_bandwidth / 2 and Fs2 = freq + trans_bandwidth / 2.

References

Multi-taper removal is inspired by code from the Chronux toolbox, see www.chronux.org and the book “Observed Brain Dynamics” by Partha Mitra & Hemant Bokil, Oxford University Press, New York, 2008. Please cite this in publications if method ‘spectrum_fit’ is used.