Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Annotate muscle artifacts#
Muscle contractions produce high frequency activity that can mask brain signal of interest. Muscle artifacts can be produced when clenching the jaw, swallowing, or twitching a cranial muscle. Muscle artifacts are most noticeable in the range of 110-140 Hz.
This example uses annotate_muscle_zscore() to annotate
segments where muscle activity is likely present. This is done by band-pass
filtering the data in the 110-140 Hz range. Then, the envelope is taken using
the hilbert analytical signal to only consider the absolute amplitude and not
the phase of the high frequency signal. The envelope is z-scored and summed
across channels and divided by the square root of the number of channels.
Because muscle artifacts last several hundred milliseconds, a low-pass filter
is applied on the averaged z-scores at 4 Hz, to remove transient peaks.
Segments above a set threshold are annotated as BAD_muscle. In addition,
the min_length_good parameter determines the cutoff for whether short
spans of “good data” in between muscle artifacts are included in the
surrounding “BAD” annotation.
# Authors: Adonay Nunes <adonay.s.nunes@gmail.com>
# Luke Bloy <luke.bloy@gmail.com>
# License: BSD-3-Clause
# Copyright the MNE-Python contributors.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from mne.datasets.brainstorm import bst_auditory
from mne.io import read_raw_ctf
from mne.preprocessing import annotate_muscle_zscore
# Load data
data_path = bst_auditory.data_path()
raw_fname = data_path / "MEG" / "bst_auditory" / "S01_AEF_20131218_01.ds"
raw = read_raw_ctf(raw_fname, preload=False)
raw.crop(130, 160).load_data() # just use a fraction of data for speed here
raw.resample(300, npad="auto")
ds directory : /home/circleci/mne_data/MNE-brainstorm-data/bst_auditory/MEG/bst_auditory/S01_AEF_20131218_01.ds
res4 data read.
hc data read.
Separate EEG position data file read.
Quaternion matching (desired vs. transformed):
2.51 74.26 0.00 mm <-> 2.51 74.26 -0.00 mm (orig : -56.69 50.20 -264.38 mm) diff = 0.000 mm
-2.51 -74.26 0.00 mm <-> -2.51 -74.26 -0.00 mm (orig : 50.89 -52.31 -265.88 mm) diff = 0.000 mm
108.63 0.00 0.00 mm <-> 108.63 0.00 0.00 mm (orig : 67.41 77.68 -239.53 mm) diff = 0.000 mm
Coordinate transformations established.
Reading digitizer points from ['/home/circleci/mne_data/MNE-brainstorm-data/bst_auditory/MEG/bst_auditory/S01_AEF_20131218_01.ds/S01_20131218_01.pos']...
Polhemus data for 3 HPI coils added
Device coordinate locations for 3 HPI coils added
5 extra points added to Polhemus data.
Measurement info composed.
Finding samples for /home/circleci/mne_data/MNE-brainstorm-data/bst_auditory/MEG/bst_auditory/S01_AEF_20131218_01.ds/S01_AEF_20131218_01.meg4:
System clock channel is available, checking which samples are valid.
360 x 2400 = 864000 samples from 340 chs
Current compensation grade : 3
Reading 0 ... 72000 = 0.000 ... 30.000 secs...
4 events found on stim channel UDIO001
Event IDs: [64]
23 events found on stim channel UPPT001
Event IDs: [1 2]
4 events found on stim channel UDIO001
Event IDs: [64]
23 events found on stim channel UPPT001
Event IDs: [1 2]
Notch filter the data:
Note
If line noise is present, you should perform notch-filtering before detecting muscle artifacts. See Power line noise for an example.
raw.notch_filter([60, 120])
Filtering raw data in 1 contiguous segment
Setting up band-stop filter
FIR filter parameters
---------------------
Designing a one-pass, zero-phase, non-causal bandstop filter:
- Windowed time-domain design (firwin) method
- Hamming window with 0.0194 passband ripple and 53 dB stopband attenuation
- Lower transition bandwidth: 0.50 Hz
- Upper transition bandwidth: 0.50 Hz
- Filter length: 1981 samples (6.603 s)
[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Done 17 tasks | elapsed: 0.0s
[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Done 71 tasks | elapsed: 0.1s
[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Done 161 tasks | elapsed: 0.1s
[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Done 287 tasks | elapsed: 0.2s
# The threshold is data dependent, check the optimal threshold by plotting
# ``scores_muscle``.
threshold_muscle = 5 # z-score
# Choose one channel type, if there are axial gradiometers and magnetometers,
# select magnetometers as they are more sensitive to muscle activity.
annot_muscle, scores_muscle = annotate_muscle_zscore(
raw,
ch_type="mag",
threshold=threshold_muscle,
min_length_good=0.2,
filter_freq=[110, 140],
)
Removing 5 compensators from info because not all compensation channels were picked.
Filtering raw data in 1 contiguous segment
Setting up band-pass filter from 1.1e+02 - 1.4e+02 Hz
FIR filter parameters
---------------------
Designing a one-pass, zero-phase, non-causal bandpass filter:
- Windowed time-domain design (firwin) method
- Hamming window with 0.0194 passband ripple and 53 dB stopband attenuation
- Lower passband edge: 110.00
- Lower transition bandwidth: 27.50 Hz (-6 dB cutoff frequency: 96.25 Hz)
- Upper passband edge: 140.00 Hz
- Upper transition bandwidth: 10.00 Hz (-6 dB cutoff frequency: 145.00 Hz)
- Filter length: 99 samples (0.330 s)
[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Done 17 tasks | elapsed: 0.0s
[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Done 71 tasks | elapsed: 0.0s
[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Done 161 tasks | elapsed: 0.1s
Setting up low-pass filter at 4 Hz
FIR filter parameters
---------------------
Designing a one-pass, zero-phase, non-causal lowpass filter:
- Windowed time-domain design (firwin) method
- Hamming window with 0.0194 passband ripple and 53 dB stopband attenuation
- Upper passband edge: 4.00 Hz
- Upper transition bandwidth: 2.00 Hz (-6 dB cutoff frequency: 5.00 Hz)
- Filter length: 495 samples (1.650 s)
Plot muscle z-scores across recording#
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(raw.times, scores_muscle)
ax.axhline(y=threshold_muscle, color="r")
ax.set(xlabel="time, (s)", ylabel="zscore", title="Muscle activity")
View the annotations#
order = np.arange(144, 164)
raw.set_annotations(annot_muscle)
raw.plot(start=5, duration=20, order=order)
Total running time of the script: (0 minutes 4.354 seconds)