4D Neuroimaging/BTi phantom dataset tutorial#

Here we read 4DBTi epochs data obtained with a spherical phantom using four different dipole locations. For each condition we compute evoked data and compute dipole fits.

Data are provided by Jean-Michel Badier from MEG center in Marseille, France.

# Authors: Alex Gramfort <alexandre.gramfort@inria.fr>
#
# License: BSD-3-Clause
# Copyright the MNE-Python contributors.
import os.path as op

import numpy as np

import mne
from mne.datasets import phantom_4dbti

Read data and compute a dipole fit at the peak of the evoked response

data_path = phantom_4dbti.data_path()
raw_fname = op.join(data_path, "%d/e,rfhp1.0Hz")

dipoles = list()
sphere = mne.make_sphere_model(r0=(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), head_radius=0.080)

t0 = 0.07  # peak of the response

pos = np.empty((4, 3))
ori = np.empty((4, 3))

for ii in range(4):
    raw = mne.io.read_raw_bti(
        raw_fname % (ii + 1,), rename_channels=False, preload=True
    )
    raw.info["bads"] = ["A173", "A213", "A232"]
    events = mne.find_events(raw, "TRIGGER", mask=4350, mask_type="not_and")
    epochs = mne.Epochs(
        raw, events=events, event_id=8192, tmin=-0.2, tmax=0.4, preload=True
    )
    evoked = epochs.average()
    evoked.plot(time_unit="s")
    cov = mne.compute_covariance(epochs, tmax=0.0)
    dip = mne.fit_dipole(evoked.copy().crop(t0, t0), cov, sphere)[0]
    pos[ii] = dip.pos[0]
    ori[ii] = dip.ori[0]
  • Magnetometers (245 channels)
  • Magnetometers (245 channels)
  • Magnetometers (245 channels)
  • Magnetometers (245 channels)
Equiv. model fitting -> RV = 0.00364477 %
mu1 = 0.944121    lambda1 = 0.138646
mu2 = 0.665982    lambda2 = 0.684475
mu3 = -0.140083    lambda3 = -0.0127517
Set up EEG sphere model with scalp radius    80.0 mm

Reading 4D PDF file /home/circleci/mne_data/MNE-phantom-4DBTi/1/e,rfhp1.0Hz...
Creating Neuromag info structure ...
... Setting channel info structure.
... putting coil transforms in Neuromag coordinates
... Reading digitization points from /home/circleci/mne_data/MNE-phantom-4DBTi/1/hs_file
Currently direct inclusion of 4D weight tables is not supported. For critical use cases please take into account the MNE command "mne_create_comp_data" to include weights as printed out by the 4D "print_table" routine.
Reading 0 ... 13599  =      0.000 ...    20.052 secs...
Trigger channel TRIGGER has a non-zero initial value of {initial_value} (consider using initial_event=True to detect this event)
50 events found on stim channel TRIGGER
Event IDs: [8192]
Not setting metadata
50 matching events found
Setting baseline interval to [-0.20053968578577042, 0.0] s
Applying baseline correction (mode: mean)
0 projection items activated
Using data from preloaded Raw for 50 events and 408 original time points ...
2 bad epochs dropped
Computing rank from data with rank=None
    Using tolerance 3.7e-09 (2.2e-16 eps * 245 dim * 6.9e+04  max singular value)
    Estimated rank (mag): 245
    MAG: rank 245 computed from 245 data channels with 0 projectors
Reducing data rank from 245 -> 245
Estimating covariance using EMPIRICAL
Done.
Number of samples used : 6576
[done]
BEM               : <ConductorModel | Sphere (3 layers): r0=[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] R=80 mm>
MRI transform     : identity
Sphere model      : origin at (   0.00    0.00    0.00) mm, rad =    0.1 mm
Guess grid        :   20.0 mm
Guess mindist     :    5.0 mm
Guess exclude     :   20.0 mm
Using normal MEG coil definitions.
Noise covariance  : <Covariance | kind : full, shape : (245, 245), range : [-1.1e-26, +4.5e-25], n_samples : 6575>

Coordinate transformation: MRI (surface RAS) -> head
     1.000000  0.000000  0.000000       0.00 mm
     0.000000  1.000000  0.000000       0.00 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  1.000000       0.00 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  0.000000       1.00
Coordinate transformation: MEG device -> head
     0.975564 -0.033891 -0.217085      -1.50 mm
     0.044586  0.998011  0.044560     -34.72 mm
     0.215143 -0.053150  0.975135      -6.31 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  0.000000       1.00
3 bad channels total
Read 268 MEG channels from info
Read 23 MEG compensation channels from info
0 compensation data sets in info
Setting up compensation data...
    No compensation set. Nothing more to do.
105 coil definitions read
Coordinate transformation: MEG device -> head
     0.975564 -0.033891 -0.217085      -1.50 mm
     0.044586  0.998011  0.044560     -34.72 mm
     0.215143 -0.053150  0.975135      -6.31 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  0.000000       1.00
MEG coil definitions created in head coordinates.
Decomposing the sensor noise covariance matrix...
Computing rank from covariance with rank=None
    Using tolerance 3.9e-14 (2.2e-16 eps * 245 dim * 0.72  max singular value)
    Estimated rank (mag): 245
    MAG: rank 245 computed from 245 data channels with 0 projectors
    Setting small MAG eigenvalues to zero (without PCA)
    Created the whitener using a noise covariance matrix with rank 245 (0 small eigenvalues omitted)

---- Computing the forward solution for the guesses...
Making a spherical guess space with radius    72.0 mm...
Filtering (grid =     20 mm)...
Surface CM = (   0.0    0.0    0.0) mm
Surface fits inside a sphere with radius   72.0 mm
Surface extent:
    x =  -72.0 ...   72.0 mm
    y =  -72.0 ...   72.0 mm
    z =  -72.0 ...   72.0 mm
Grid extent:
    x =  -80.0 ...   80.0 mm
    y =  -80.0 ...   80.0 mm
    z =  -80.0 ...   80.0 mm
729 sources before omitting any.
178 sources after omitting infeasible sources not within 20.0 - 72.0 mm.
170 sources remaining after excluding the sources outside the surface and less than    5.0 mm inside.
Go through all guess source locations...
[done 170 sources]
---- Fitted :    69.3 ms
No projector specified for this dataset. Please consider the method self.add_proj.
1 time points fitted
Reading 4D PDF file /home/circleci/mne_data/MNE-phantom-4DBTi/2/e,rfhp1.0Hz...
Creating Neuromag info structure ...
... Setting channel info structure.
... putting coil transforms in Neuromag coordinates
... Reading digitization points from /home/circleci/mne_data/MNE-phantom-4DBTi/2/hs_file
Currently direct inclusion of 4D weight tables is not supported. For critical use cases please take into account the MNE command "mne_create_comp_data" to include weights as printed out by the 4D "print_table" routine.
Reading 0 ... 13599  =      0.000 ...    20.052 secs...
Trigger channel TRIGGER has a non-zero initial value of {initial_value} (consider using initial_event=True to detect this event)
50 events found on stim channel TRIGGER
Event IDs: [8192]
Not setting metadata
50 matching events found
Setting baseline interval to [-0.20053968578577042, 0.0] s
Applying baseline correction (mode: mean)
0 projection items activated
Using data from preloaded Raw for 50 events and 408 original time points ...
2 bad epochs dropped
Computing rank from data with rank=None
    Using tolerance 3.5e-09 (2.2e-16 eps * 245 dim * 6.4e+04  max singular value)
    Estimated rank (mag): 245
    MAG: rank 245 computed from 245 data channels with 0 projectors
Reducing data rank from 245 -> 245
Estimating covariance using EMPIRICAL
Done.
Number of samples used : 6576
[done]
BEM               : <ConductorModel | Sphere (3 layers): r0=[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] R=80 mm>
MRI transform     : identity
Sphere model      : origin at (   0.00    0.00    0.00) mm, rad =    0.1 mm
Guess grid        :   20.0 mm
Guess mindist     :    5.0 mm
Guess exclude     :   20.0 mm
Using normal MEG coil definitions.
Noise covariance  : <Covariance | kind : full, shape : (245, 245), range : [-2.9e-26, +8.9e-26], n_samples : 6575>

Coordinate transformation: MRI (surface RAS) -> head
     1.000000  0.000000  0.000000       0.00 mm
     0.000000  1.000000  0.000000       0.00 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  1.000000       0.00 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  0.000000       1.00
Coordinate transformation: MEG device -> head
     0.975554 -0.034041 -0.217109      -1.51 mm
     0.044503  0.998063  0.043482     -34.64 mm
     0.215208 -0.052081  0.975178      -6.31 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  0.000000       1.00
3 bad channels total
Read 268 MEG channels from info
Read 23 MEG compensation channels from info
0 compensation data sets in info
Setting up compensation data...
    No compensation set. Nothing more to do.
105 coil definitions read
Coordinate transformation: MEG device -> head
     0.975554 -0.034041 -0.217109      -1.51 mm
     0.044503  0.998063  0.043482     -34.64 mm
     0.215208 -0.052081  0.975178      -6.31 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  0.000000       1.00
MEG coil definitions created in head coordinates.
Decomposing the sensor noise covariance matrix...
Computing rank from covariance with rank=None
    Using tolerance 3.4e-14 (2.2e-16 eps * 245 dim * 0.63  max singular value)
    Estimated rank (mag): 245
    MAG: rank 245 computed from 245 data channels with 0 projectors
    Setting small MAG eigenvalues to zero (without PCA)
    Created the whitener using a noise covariance matrix with rank 245 (0 small eigenvalues omitted)

---- Computing the forward solution for the guesses...
Making a spherical guess space with radius    72.0 mm...
Filtering (grid =     20 mm)...
Surface CM = (   0.0    0.0    0.0) mm
Surface fits inside a sphere with radius   72.0 mm
Surface extent:
    x =  -72.0 ...   72.0 mm
    y =  -72.0 ...   72.0 mm
    z =  -72.0 ...   72.0 mm
Grid extent:
    x =  -80.0 ...   80.0 mm
    y =  -80.0 ...   80.0 mm
    z =  -80.0 ...   80.0 mm
729 sources before omitting any.
178 sources after omitting infeasible sources not within 20.0 - 72.0 mm.
170 sources remaining after excluding the sources outside the surface and less than    5.0 mm inside.
Go through all guess source locations...
[done 170 sources]
---- Fitted :    69.3 ms
No projector specified for this dataset. Please consider the method self.add_proj.
1 time points fitted
Reading 4D PDF file /home/circleci/mne_data/MNE-phantom-4DBTi/3/e,rfhp1.0Hz...
Creating Neuromag info structure ...
... Setting channel info structure.
... putting coil transforms in Neuromag coordinates
... Reading digitization points from /home/circleci/mne_data/MNE-phantom-4DBTi/3/hs_file
Currently direct inclusion of 4D weight tables is not supported. For critical use cases please take into account the MNE command "mne_create_comp_data" to include weights as printed out by the 4D "print_table" routine.
Reading 0 ... 13599  =      0.000 ...    20.052 secs...
Trigger channel TRIGGER has a non-zero initial value of {initial_value} (consider using initial_event=True to detect this event)
50 events found on stim channel TRIGGER
Event IDs: [8192]
Not setting metadata
50 matching events found
Setting baseline interval to [-0.20053968578577042, 0.0] s
Applying baseline correction (mode: mean)
0 projection items activated
Using data from preloaded Raw for 50 events and 408 original time points ...
2 bad epochs dropped
Computing rank from data with rank=None
    Using tolerance 2.6e-09 (2.2e-16 eps * 245 dim * 4.7e+04  max singular value)
    Estimated rank (mag): 245
    MAG: rank 245 computed from 245 data channels with 0 projectors
Reducing data rank from 245 -> 245
Estimating covariance using EMPIRICAL
Done.
Number of samples used : 6576
[done]
BEM               : <ConductorModel | Sphere (3 layers): r0=[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] R=80 mm>
MRI transform     : identity
Sphere model      : origin at (   0.00    0.00    0.00) mm, rad =    0.1 mm
Guess grid        :   20.0 mm
Guess mindist     :    5.0 mm
Guess exclude     :   20.0 mm
Using normal MEG coil definitions.
Noise covariance  : <Covariance | kind : full, shape : (245, 245), range : [-6.3e-27, +7.5e-26], n_samples : 6575>

Coordinate transformation: MRI (surface RAS) -> head
     1.000000  0.000000  0.000000       0.00 mm
     0.000000  1.000000  0.000000       0.00 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  1.000000       0.00 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  0.000000       1.00
Coordinate transformation: MEG device -> head
     0.975577 -0.033678 -0.217061      -1.49 mm
     0.044611  0.997960  0.045666     -34.78 mm
     0.215080 -0.054233  0.975089      -6.31 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  0.000000       1.00
3 bad channels total
Read 268 MEG channels from info
Read 23 MEG compensation channels from info
0 compensation data sets in info
Setting up compensation data...
    No compensation set. Nothing more to do.
105 coil definitions read
Coordinate transformation: MEG device -> head
     0.975577 -0.033678 -0.217061      -1.49 mm
     0.044611  0.997960  0.045666     -34.78 mm
     0.215080 -0.054233  0.975089      -6.31 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  0.000000       1.00
MEG coil definitions created in head coordinates.
Decomposing the sensor noise covariance matrix...
Computing rank from covariance with rank=None
    Using tolerance 1.9e-14 (2.2e-16 eps * 245 dim * 0.34  max singular value)
    Estimated rank (mag): 245
    MAG: rank 245 computed from 245 data channels with 0 projectors
    Setting small MAG eigenvalues to zero (without PCA)
    Created the whitener using a noise covariance matrix with rank 245 (0 small eigenvalues omitted)

---- Computing the forward solution for the guesses...
Making a spherical guess space with radius    72.0 mm...
Filtering (grid =     20 mm)...
Surface CM = (   0.0    0.0    0.0) mm
Surface fits inside a sphere with radius   72.0 mm
Surface extent:
    x =  -72.0 ...   72.0 mm
    y =  -72.0 ...   72.0 mm
    z =  -72.0 ...   72.0 mm
Grid extent:
    x =  -80.0 ...   80.0 mm
    y =  -80.0 ...   80.0 mm
    z =  -80.0 ...   80.0 mm
729 sources before omitting any.
178 sources after omitting infeasible sources not within 20.0 - 72.0 mm.
170 sources remaining after excluding the sources outside the surface and less than    5.0 mm inside.
Go through all guess source locations...
[done 170 sources]
---- Fitted :    69.3 ms
No projector specified for this dataset. Please consider the method self.add_proj.
1 time points fitted
Reading 4D PDF file /home/circleci/mne_data/MNE-phantom-4DBTi/4/e,rfhp1.0Hz...
Creating Neuromag info structure ...
... Setting channel info structure.
... putting coil transforms in Neuromag coordinates
... Reading digitization points from /home/circleci/mne_data/MNE-phantom-4DBTi/4/hs_file
Currently direct inclusion of 4D weight tables is not supported. For critical use cases please take into account the MNE command "mne_create_comp_data" to include weights as printed out by the 4D "print_table" routine.
Reading 0 ... 13599  =      0.000 ...    20.052 secs...
Trigger channel TRIGGER has a non-zero initial value of {initial_value} (consider using initial_event=True to detect this event)
50 events found on stim channel TRIGGER
Event IDs: [8192]
Not setting metadata
50 matching events found
Setting baseline interval to [-0.20053968578577042, 0.0] s
Applying baseline correction (mode: mean)
0 projection items activated
Using data from preloaded Raw for 50 events and 408 original time points ...
2 bad epochs dropped
Computing rank from data with rank=None
    Using tolerance 2.8e-09 (2.2e-16 eps * 245 dim * 5.1e+04  max singular value)
    Estimated rank (mag): 245
    MAG: rank 245 computed from 245 data channels with 0 projectors
Reducing data rank from 245 -> 245
Estimating covariance using EMPIRICAL
Done.
Number of samples used : 6576
[done]
BEM               : <ConductorModel | Sphere (3 layers): r0=[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] R=80 mm>
MRI transform     : identity
Sphere model      : origin at (   0.00    0.00    0.00) mm, rad =    0.1 mm
Guess grid        :   20.0 mm
Guess mindist     :    5.0 mm
Guess exclude     :   20.0 mm
Using normal MEG coil definitions.
Noise covariance  : <Covariance | kind : full, shape : (245, 245), range : [-6.4e-27, +3.6e-26], n_samples : 6575>

Coordinate transformation: MRI (surface RAS) -> head
     1.000000  0.000000  0.000000       0.00 mm
     0.000000  1.000000  0.000000       0.00 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  1.000000       0.00 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  0.000000       1.00
Coordinate transformation: MEG device -> head
     0.975557 -0.033946 -0.217110      -1.50 mm
     0.044391  0.998071  0.043409     -34.60 mm
     0.215218 -0.051986  0.975181      -6.32 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  0.000000       1.00
3 bad channels total
Read 268 MEG channels from info
Read 23 MEG compensation channels from info
0 compensation data sets in info
Setting up compensation data...
    No compensation set. Nothing more to do.
105 coil definitions read
Coordinate transformation: MEG device -> head
     0.975557 -0.033946 -0.217110      -1.50 mm
     0.044391  0.998071  0.043409     -34.60 mm
     0.215218 -0.051986  0.975181      -6.32 mm
     0.000000  0.000000  0.000000       1.00
MEG coil definitions created in head coordinates.
Decomposing the sensor noise covariance matrix...
Computing rank from covariance with rank=None
    Using tolerance 2.1e-14 (2.2e-16 eps * 245 dim * 0.39  max singular value)
    Estimated rank (mag): 245
    MAG: rank 245 computed from 245 data channels with 0 projectors
    Setting small MAG eigenvalues to zero (without PCA)
    Created the whitener using a noise covariance matrix with rank 245 (0 small eigenvalues omitted)

---- Computing the forward solution for the guesses...
Making a spherical guess space with radius    72.0 mm...
Filtering (grid =     20 mm)...
Surface CM = (   0.0    0.0    0.0) mm
Surface fits inside a sphere with radius   72.0 mm
Surface extent:
    x =  -72.0 ...   72.0 mm
    y =  -72.0 ...   72.0 mm
    z =  -72.0 ...   72.0 mm
Grid extent:
    x =  -80.0 ...   80.0 mm
    y =  -80.0 ...   80.0 mm
    z =  -80.0 ...   80.0 mm
729 sources before omitting any.
178 sources after omitting infeasible sources not within 20.0 - 72.0 mm.
170 sources remaining after excluding the sources outside the surface and less than    5.0 mm inside.
Go through all guess source locations...
[done 170 sources]
---- Fitted :    69.3 ms
No projector specified for this dataset. Please consider the method self.add_proj.
1 time points fitted

Compute localisation errors

actual_pos = 0.01 * np.array(
    [[0.16, 1.61, 5.13], [0.17, 1.35, 4.15], [0.16, 1.05, 3.19], [0.13, 0.80, 2.26]]
)
actual_pos = np.dot(actual_pos, [[0, 1, 0], [-1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1]])

errors = 1e3 * np.linalg.norm(actual_pos - pos, axis=1)
print("errors (mm) : %s" % errors)
errors (mm) : [1.37436305 1.3777228  1.21169488 1.17616473]

Plot the dipoles in 3D

actual_amp = np.ones(len(dip))  # fake amp, needed to create Dipole instance
actual_gof = np.ones(len(dip))  # fake GOF, needed to create Dipole instance
dip = mne.Dipole(dip.times, pos, actual_amp, ori, actual_gof)
dip_true = mne.Dipole(dip.times, actual_pos, actual_amp, ori, actual_gof)

fig = mne.viz.plot_alignment(evoked.info, bem=sphere, surfaces=[])

# Plot the position of the actual dipole
fig = mne.viz.plot_dipole_locations(
    dipoles=dip_true, mode="sphere", color=(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), fig=fig
)
# Plot the position of the estimated dipole
fig = mne.viz.plot_dipole_locations(
    dipoles=dip, mode="sphere", color=(1.0, 1.0, 0.0), fig=fig
)
90 phantom 4DBTi
Getting helmet for system Magnes_3600wh
Channel types:: mag: 245

Total running time of the script: (0 minutes 12.896 seconds)

Estimated memory usage: 58 MB

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