mne.find_events#

mne.find_events(raw, stim_channel=None, output='onset', consecutive='increasing', min_duration=0, shortest_event=2, mask=None, uint_cast=False, mask_type='and', initial_event=False, verbose=None)[source]#

Find events from raw file.

See Parsing events from raw data and Working with events for more information about events.

Parameters:
rawRaw object

The raw data.

stim_channelNone | str | list of str

Name of the stim channel or all the stim channels affected by triggers. If None, the config variables ‘MNE_STIM_CHANNEL’, ‘MNE_STIM_CHANNEL_1’, ‘MNE_STIM_CHANNEL_2’, etc. are read. If these are not found, it will fall back to ‘STI 014’ if present, then fall back to the first channel of type ‘stim’, if present. If multiple channels are provided then the returned events are the union of all the events extracted from individual stim channels.

output‘onset’ | ‘offset’ | ‘step’

Whether to report when events start, when events end, or both.

consecutivebool | ‘increasing’

If True, consider instances where the value of the events channel changes without first returning to zero as multiple events. If False, report only instances where the value of the events channel changes from/to zero. If ‘increasing’, report adjacent events only when the second event code is greater than the first.

min_durationfloat

The minimum duration of a change in the events channel required to consider it as an event (in seconds).

shortest_eventint

Minimum number of samples an event must last (default is 2). If the duration is less than this an exception will be raised.

maskint | None

The value of the digital mask to apply to the stim channel values. If None (default), no masking is performed.

uint_castbool

If True (default False), do a cast to uint16 on the channel data. This can be used to fix a bug with STI101 and STI014 in Neuromag acquisition setups that use channel STI016 (channel 16 turns data into e.g. -32768), similar to mne_fix_stim14 --32 in MNE-C.

New in v0.12.

mask_type‘and’ | ‘not_and’

The type of operation between the mask and the trigger. Choose ‘and’ (default) for MNE-C masking behavior.

New in v0.13.

initial_eventbool

If True (default False), an event is created if the stim channel has a value different from 0 as its first sample. This is useful if an event at t=0s is present.

New in v0.16.

verbosebool | str | int | None

Control verbosity of the logging output. If None, use the default verbosity level. See the logging documentation and mne.verbose() for details. Should only be passed as a keyword argument.

Returns:
eventsarray of int, shape (n_events, 3)

The array of events. The first column contains the event time in samples, with first_samp included. The third column contains the event id.

See also

find_stim_steps

Find all the steps in the stim channel.

read_events

Read events from disk.

write_events

Write events to disk.

Notes

Warning

If you are working with downsampled data, events computed before decimation are no longer valid. Please recompute your events after decimation, but note this reduces the precision of event timing.

Examples

Consider data with a stim channel that looks like:

[0, 32, 32, 33, 32, 0]

By default, find_events returns all samples at which the value of the stim channel increases:

>>> print(find_events(raw)) 
[[ 1  0 32]
 [ 3 32 33]]

If consecutive is False, find_events only returns the samples at which the stim channel changes from zero to a non-zero value:

>>> print(find_events(raw, consecutive=False)) 
[[ 1  0 32]]

If consecutive is True, find_events returns samples at which the event changes, regardless of whether it first returns to zero:

>>> print(find_events(raw, consecutive=True)) 
[[ 1  0 32]
 [ 3 32 33]
 [ 4 33 32]]

If output is ‘offset’, find_events returns the last sample of each event instead of the first one:

>>> print(find_events(raw, consecutive=True, 
...                   output='offset'))
[[ 2 33 32]
 [ 3 32 33]
 [ 4  0 32]]

If output is ‘step’, find_events returns the samples at which an event starts or ends:

>>> print(find_events(raw, consecutive=True, 
...                   output='step'))
[[ 1  0 32]
 [ 3 32 33]
 [ 4 33 32]
 [ 5 32  0]]

To ignore spurious events, it is also possible to specify a minimum event duration. Assuming our events channel has a sample rate of 1000 Hz:

>>> print(find_events(raw, consecutive=True, 
...                   min_duration=0.002))
[[ 1  0 32]]

For the digital mask, if mask_type is set to ‘and’ it will take the binary representation of the digital mask, e.g. 5 -> ‘00000101’, and will allow the values to pass where mask is one, e.g.:

     7 '0000111' <- trigger value
    37 '0100101' <- mask
----------------
     5 '0000101'

For the digital mask, if mask_type is set to ‘not_and’ it will take the binary representation of the digital mask, e.g. 5 -> ‘00000101’, and will block the values where mask is one, e.g.:

     7 '0000111' <- trigger value
    37 '0100101' <- mask
----------------
     2 '0000010'

Examples using mne.find_events#

Overview of MEG/EEG analysis with MNE-Python

Overview of MEG/EEG analysis with MNE-Python

Parsing events from raw data

Parsing events from raw data

Getting started with mne.Report

Getting started with mne.Report

Working with CTF data: the Brainstorm auditory dataset

Working with CTF data: the Brainstorm auditory dataset

Working with events

Working with events

Handling bad channels

Handling bad channels

Filtering and resampling data

Filtering and resampling data

Repairing artifacts with regression

Repairing artifacts with regression

Repairing artifacts with ICA

Repairing artifacts with ICA

Repairing artifacts with SSP

Repairing artifacts with SSP

Preprocessing optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) MEG data

Preprocessing optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) MEG data

Working with eye tracker data in MNE-Python

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The Epochs data structure: discontinuous data

The Epochs data structure: discontinuous data

Regression-based baseline correction

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Visualizing epoched data

Visualizing epoched data

The Evoked data structure: evoked/averaged data

The Evoked data structure: evoked/averaged data

Plotting whitened data

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The Spectrum and EpochsSpectrum classes: frequency-domain data

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Frequency and time-frequency sensor analysis

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Computing a covariance matrix

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Source localization with MNE, dSPM, sLORETA, and eLORETA

Source localization with MNE, dSPM, sLORETA, and eLORETA

Source reconstruction using an LCMV beamformer

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EEG source localization given electrode locations on an MRI

EEG source localization given electrode locations on an MRI

Brainstorm Elekta phantom dataset tutorial

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4D Neuroimaging/BTi phantom dataset tutorial

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Non-parametric 1 sample cluster statistic on single trial power

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Decoding (MVPA)

Decoding (MVPA)

Corrupt known signal with point spread

Corrupt known signal with point spread

DICS for power mapping

DICS for power mapping

Compare simulated and estimated source activity

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Generate simulated raw data

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Generate simulated source data

Generate simulated source data

Transform EEG data using current source density (CSD)

Transform EEG data using current source density (CSD)

Show EOG artifact timing

Show EOG artifact timing

Reduce EOG artifacts through regression

Reduce EOG artifacts through regression

Maxwell filter data with movement compensation

Maxwell filter data with movement compensation

Plot sensor denoising using oversampled temporal projection

Plot sensor denoising using oversampled temporal projection

Compute power and phase lock in label of the source space

Compute power and phase lock in label of the source space

Compute source power spectral density (PSD) in a label

Compute source power spectral density (PSD) in a label

Compute induced power in the source space with dSPM

Compute induced power in the source space with dSPM

Explore event-related dynamics for specific frequency bands

Explore event-related dynamics for specific frequency bands

Regression on continuous data (rER[P/F])

Regression on continuous data (rER[P/F])

Representational Similarity Analysis

Representational Similarity Analysis

Compute source level time-frequency timecourses using a DICS beamformer

Compute source level time-frequency timecourses using a DICS beamformer

Compute source power using DICS beamformer

Compute source power using DICS beamformer

Compute evoked ERS source power using DICS, LCMV beamformer, and dSPM

Compute evoked ERS source power using DICS, LCMV beamformer, and dSPM

Compute source power estimate by projecting the covariance with MNE

Compute source power estimate by projecting the covariance with MNE

Computing source timecourses with an XFit-like multi-dipole model

Computing source timecourses with an XFit-like multi-dipole model

Compute iterative reweighted TF-MxNE with multiscale time-frequency dictionary

Compute iterative reweighted TF-MxNE with multiscale time-frequency dictionary

Compute cross-talk functions for LCMV beamformers

Compute cross-talk functions for LCMV beamformers

Brainstorm raw (median nerve) dataset

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Kernel OPM phantom data

Kernel OPM phantom data

Optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) data

Optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) data

From raw data to dSPM on SPM Faces dataset

From raw data to dSPM on SPM Faces dataset